Posted by: Michael | 03/21/2010

Head & Heart Together

I’m stealing the title of today’s post from Ajahn Thanissaro’s essay of the same name. I was fortunate enough to be able to offer him daana and ask him questions about my practice in a small group setting (about 15 – 20 of us). There is something which is incredibly uplifting about being in the presence of someone like Thanissaro Bhikkhu and whenever he comes it gives a big boost to my practice. I considered copying and pasting his entire essay into the post today but I think I’ll just give you a taste, and if you’re interested, you can use the link to find the rest. So, without further ado, here is the essay:

The brahmaviharas, which are sometimes translated as “sublime attitudes,” are the
Buddha’s primary heart teaching—the teaching that connects most directly with our
desire for true happiness. The term brahmavihara literally means dwelling place of
brahmas. Brahmas are gods who live in the higher heavens, dwelling in an attitude of
unlimited good will, unlimited compassion, unlimited empathetic joy, and unlimited
equanimity.
Of these four emotions, goodwill is the most fundamental, for it relates most directly
to the heart. It’s the wish for true happiness, a wish that can be directed to yourself or to
others. It’s also fundamental in that it was the underlying motivation that led the
Buddha to search for Awakening and to teach the path to Awakening to others after he
had found it.
The next two emotions in the list are essentially applications of good will.
Compassion is what good will feels when it encounters suffering: It wants the suffering
to stop. Empathetic joy is what good will feels when it encounters happiness: It wants
the happiness to continue. Equanimity is a different emotion, in that it acts as an aid to
and check on the other three. When you encounter suffering that you can’t stop no
matter how hard you try, you have to develop equanimity so that you don’t create
additional suffering and so that you can channel your energies to areas where you can be
of help.
All four of these attitudes are emotions we’ve encountered throughout human life.
But to become brahmaviharas, they have to become limitless. That takes work. It’s easy
to feel good will, compassion, and empathetic joy for people you like and love, but there
are bound to be people you dislike for one reason or another—often for very good
reasons. Similarly, there are many people for whom it’s easy to feel equanimity: people
you don’t know or don’t really care about. But it’s hard to feel equanimous when people
you love are suffering. Yet if you’re developing the brahmaviharas, you have to include
all of these people within the scope of your awareness so that you can apply the proper
attitude no matter where or when. This is where your heart needs the help of your head.
All too often, meditators believe that if they can simply add a little more heart juice,
a little more emotional oomph, to their brahmavihara practice, their attitudes can
become limitless. But if something inside you keeps churning up reasons for liking this
person or hating that one, your practice starts feeling hypocritical. You wonder who
you’re trying to fool. Or, after a month devoted to the practice, you still find yourself
thinking black thoughts about people who cut you off in traffic—to say nothing of
people who’ve done the world serious harm.
2
This is where the head comes in. If we think of the heart as the side of the mind that
wants happiness, the head is the side that understands how things actually work, the
principle of cause and effect. If your head and heart can learn how to work together—
i.e., if your head can give priority to finding the causes for true happiness, and if the
heart can learn to respect the need to embrace those causes—the training of the mind can
go far.
Source:
Posted by: Michael | 03/21/2010

Jealousy

The Curse of Mittavinda

Once upon a time, there was a monk who lived in a tiny monastery in a little village. He was very fortunate that the village rich man supported him in the monastery. He never had to worry about the cares of the world. His alms food was always provided automatically by the rich man.

So the monk was calm and peaceful in his mind. There was no fear of losing his comfort and his daily food. There was no desire for greater comforts and pleasures of the world. Instead, he was free to practice the correct conduct of a monk, always trying to eliminate his faults and do only wholesome deeds. But he didn’t know just how lucky he was!

One day an elder monk arrived in the little village. He had followed the path of Truth until he had become perfect and faultless.

When the village rich man saw this unknown monk, he was very pleased by his gentle manner and his calm attitude. So he invited him into his home. He gave him food to eat, and he thought himself very fortunate to hear a short teaching from him. He then invited him to take shelter at the village monastery. He said, “I will visit you there this evening, to make sure all is well.”

When the perfect monk arrived at the monastery, he met the village monk. They greeted each other pleasantly. Then the village monk asked, “Have you had your lunch today?” The other replied, “Yes, I was given lunch by the supporter of this monastery. He also invited me to take shelter here.”

The village monk took him to a room and left him there. The perfect monk passed his time in meditation.

Later that evening, the village rich man came. He brought fruit drinks, flowers and lamp oil, in honor of the visiting holy man. He asked the village monk, “Where is our guest?” He told him what room he had given him.

The man went to the room, bowed respectfully, and greeted the perfect monk. Again he appreciated hearing the way of Truth as taught by the rare faultless one.

Afterwards, as evening approached, he lit the lamps and offered the flowers at the monastery’s lovely temple shrine. He invited both monks to lunch at his home the next day. Then he left and returned home.

In the evening, a terrible thing happened. The village monk, who had been so contented, allowed the poison of jealousy to creep into his mind. He thought, “The village rich man has made it easy for me here. He provides shelter each night and fills my belly once a day.

“But I’m afraid this will change because he respects this new monk so highly. If he remains in this monastery, my supporter may stop caring for me. Therefore, I must make sure the new monk does not stay.”

Thinking in this way, he lost his former mental calm. His mind became disturbed due to his jealousy – the fear of losing his comfort and his daily food. This led to the added mental pain of resentment against the perfect monk. He began plotting and scheming to get rid of him.

Late that night, as was the custom, the monks met together to end the day. The perfect monk spoke in his usual friendly way, but the village monk would not speak to him at all.

So the wise monk understood that he was jealous and resentful. He thought, ‘This monk does not understand my freedom from attachment to families, people and comforts. I am free of any desire to remain here. I am also free of any desire to leave here. It makes no difference. It is sad this other one cannot understand non-attachment. I pity him for the price he must pay for his ignorance.”

He returned to his room, closed the door and meditated in a high mental state throughout the night.

The next day, when it was time to go collect alms food from the supporter of the monastery, the village monk rang the temple gong. But he rang it by tapping it lightly with his finger nail. Even the birds in the temple courtyard could not hear the tiny sound.

Then he went to the visiting monk’s room and knocked on the door. But again he only tapped lightly with his finger nail. Even the little mice inside the walls could not hear the silent tapping.

Having done his courteous duty in such a tricky way, he went to the rich man’s home. The man bowed respectfully to the monk, took his alms bowl and asked, “Where is the new monk, our visitor?”

The village monk replied, “I have not seen him. I rang the gong, I knocked at his door, but he did not appear. Perhaps he was not used to such rich food as you gave him yesterday. Perhaps he is still asleep, busily digesting it, dreaming of his next feast! Perhaps this is the kind of monk who pleases you so much!”

Meanwhile, back at the monastery, the perfect monk awoke. He cleaned himself and put on his robe. Then he calmly departed to collect alms food wherever he happened to find it.

The rich man fed the village monk the richest of food. It was delicious and sweet, made from rice, milk, butter, sugar and honey. When the monk had eaten his fill, the man took his bowl, scrubbed it clean, and sweetened it with perfumed water. He filled it up again with the same wonderful food. He gave it back to the monk, saying, ”Honorable monk, our holy visitor must be worn out from travelling. Please take my humble alms food to him.” Saying nothing, he accepted the generous gift for the other.

By now the village monk’s mind was trapped by its own jealous scheming. He thought, “If that other monk eats this fantastic meal, even if I grabbed him by the throat and kicked him out, he still would never leave! I must secretly get rid of this alms food. But if I give it to a stranger, it will become known and talked about. If I throw it away in a pond, the butter will float on the surface and be discovered. If I throw it away on the ground, crows will come from miles around to feast on it, and that too would be noticed. So how can I get rid of it?”

Then he saw a field that had just been burned by farmers to enrich the soil. It was covered with hot glowing coals. So he threw the rich man’s generous gift on the coals. The alms food burned up without a trace. And with it went his peace of mind!

For, when he got back to the monastery, he found the visitor gone. He thought, “This must have been a perfectly wise monk. He must have known I was jealous afraid of losing my favored position. He must have known I resented him and tried to trick him into leaving. I wasted alms food meant for him. And all for the sake of keeping my own belly full! I’m afraid something terrible will happen to me! What have I done?” So, afraid of losing his easy daily food, he had thrown away his peace of mind.

For the rest of his life the rich man continued to support him. But his mind was filled with torment and suffering. He felt doomed like a walking starving zombie, or a living hungry ghost.

When he died, his torment continued. For he was reborn in a hell world, where he suffered for hundreds of thousands of years.

Finally, there too he died, as all beings must. But the results of his past actions were only partly completed. So he was reborn as a demon, 500 times! In those 500 lives, there was only one day when he got enough to eat, and that was a meal of afterbirth dropped by a deer in the forest!

Then he was reborn as a starving stray dog another 500 times! For the sake of a full monk’s belly in a past life, all these 500 lives were also filled with hunger, and quarrelling over food. Only a single time did he get enough to eat, and that was a meal of vomit he found in a gutter!

Finally most of the results of his actions were finished. Only then was he so very fortunate enough to be reborn as a human being. He was born into the poorest of the poor beggar families of the city of Kasi, in northern India. He was given the name, Mittavinda.

From the moment of his birth, this poor family became even more poor and miserable. After a few years, the pain of hunger became so great, that his parents beat him and chased Mittavinda away for good. They shouted, “Be gone forever! You are nothing but a curse!”

Poor Mittavinda! So very long ago he had not known how lucky he was. He was contented as a humble village monk. But he allowed the poison of jealousy to enter his mind – the fear of losing his easy daily food. This led to the self-torture of resentment against a perfect monk, and to trickery in denying him one wholesome gift of alms food. And it took a thousand and one lives for the loss of his comfort and daily food to be completed. What he had feared, his own actions had brought to pass!

Source:

http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bt_32.htm

Posted by: Michael | 03/19/2010

Removal of Distracting Thoughts

It’s easy to forget sometimes that the development of the path depends not soley on the cultivation of the good but on the the removal of the unskillful as well. In fact the definition of samma vayama (Right Effort) encompasses both of these aspects of the practice. In brief Right Effort can be characterized as:

The nature of the mental process effects a division of right effort into four “great endeavors”:

  1. to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states;
  2. to abandon unwholesome states that have already arisen;
  3. to arouse wholesome states that have not yet arisen;
  4. to maintain and perfect wholesome states already arisen.

For at least the last year or so (probably more like two years actually) I have been poignantly aware that a lot of my practice has been focused on the 1st and 2nd aspects of samma vayama.

Thus have I heard. At one time the Blessed One was staying at Savatthi, in Jeta’s Grove, Anathapindika’s Pleasance. The Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus, saying, “Bhikkhus,” and they replied to him saying, “Reverend Sir.” The Blessed One spoke as follows:

“Five things should be reflected on from time to time, by the bhikkhu who is intent on the higher consciousness. What five?

When evil unskillful thoughts connected with desire, hate, and delusion arise in a bhikkhu through reflection on an adventitious object, he should, (in order to get rid of that), reflect on a different object which is connected with skill. Then the evil unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

Like an experienced carpenter or carpenter’s apprentice, striking hard at, pushing out, and getting rid of a coarse peg with a fine one, should the bhikkhu in order to get rid of the adventitious object, reflect on a different object which is connected with skill. Then the evil unskillful thoughts connected with desire, hate and delusion are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

If the evil unskillful thoughts continue to arise in a bhikkhu, who in order to get rid of an adventitious object reflects on a different object which is connected with skill, he should ponder on the disadvantages of unskillful thoughts thus: Truly these thoughts of mine are unskillful, blameworthy, and productive of misery. Then the evil unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

Like a well-dressed young man or woman who feels horrified, humiliated and disgusted because of the carcass of a snake, dog, or human that is hung round his or her neck, should the bhikkhu in whom unskillful thoughts continue to arise in spite of his reflection on the object which is connected with skill, ponder on the disadvantages of unskillful thoughts thus: Truly, these thoughts of mine are unskillful, blameworthy, and productive of misery. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

If evil, unskillful thoughts continue to arise in a bhikkhu who ponders on their disadvantageousness, he should in regard to them, endeavor to be without attention and reflection. Then the evil unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

Like a keen-eyed man shutting his eyes and looking away from some direction in order to avoid seeing visible objects come within sight, should the bhikkhu in whom evil, unskillful thoughts continue to arise in spite of his pondering on their disadvantageousness, endeavor to be without attention and reflection as regards them. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

If evil, unskillful thoughts continue to arise in a bhikkhu in spite of his endeavor to be without attention and reflection as regards evil, unskillful thoughts, he should reflect on the removal of the (thought) source of those unskillful thoughts. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

Just as a man finding no reason for walking fast, walks slowly; finding no reason for walking slowly, stands; finding no reason for sitting down, lies down, and thus getting rid of a posture rather uncalm resorts to a restful posture, just so should the bhikkhu in whom evil, unskillful thoughts arise, in spite of his endeavor to be without attention and reflection regarding them, reflect on the removal of the (thought) source of those unskillful thoughts. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

If evil, unskillful thoughts continue to arise in a bhikkhu in spite of his reflection on the removal of a source of unskillful thoughts, he should with clenched teeth and the tongue pressing on the palate, restrain, subdue and beat down the (evil) mind by the (good) mind. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts connected with desire, hate and delusion are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

Like a strong man holding a weaker man by the head or shoulders and restraining, subduing and beating him down, should the bhikkhu in whom evil, unskillful thoughts continue to arise in spite of his reflection on the source of unskillful thoughts, restrain, subdue and beat down the (evil) mind by the (good) mind, with clenched teeth and the tongue pressing on the palate. Then the evil, unskillful thoughts connected with desire, hate and delusion are eliminated; they disappear. By their elimination, the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated, just within (his subject of meditation).

When, indeed, bhikkhus, evil unskillful thoughts due to reflection on an adventitious object are eliminated, when they disappear, and the mind stands firm, settles down, becomes unified and concentrated just within (his subject of meditation), through his reflection on an object connected with skill, through his pondering on the disadvantages of unskillful thoughts, his endeavoring to be without attentiveness and reflection as regards those thoughts or through his restraining, subduing, and beating down of the evil mind by the good mind with clenched teeth and tongue pressing on the palate, that bhikkhu is called a master of the paths along which thoughts travel. The thought he wants to think, that, he thinks; the thought he does not want to think, that, he does not think. He has cut down craving, removed the fetter, rightly mastered pride, and made an end of suffering.”

The Blessed One said this, and the bhikkhus glad at heart, approved of his words.

Sources:

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wheel021.html

Posted by: Michael | 03/19/2010

Recollection of the Sangha

Supati-panno Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho
Ujupaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho
Ñāyapaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho
Sāmīcipaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho
Yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisa-puggalā
Esa Bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho
Āhuṇeyyo, Pāhuṇeyyo,
Dakkhiṇeyyo, Añjalikaranīyo
Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ
Lokassā ti.

There seems to be an extensive article at the following which I’ll post here: http://www.buddhanet.net/cmdsg/getting5.htm

Posted by: Michael | 03/17/2010

Recollection of the Dhamma

Svākkhāto Bhagavatā Dhammo Sandiṭṭhiko

Akāliko Ehi-passiko opanāyiko paccattaṃ

Veditabbo viññuhi ti

There’s a great passage by Ven. Thanissaro Bhikkhu in an essay of his called “Gladdening the Mind” where he talks about the benefits of recollection of the Dhamma. It’s really a great essay to read when your energy is low and you’re looking for a theme to breathe some life into your practice. I’ve included the sections relevant to Dhammanussati below but you can find the article at the link provide at the bottom of the page.

So when you’re getting discouraged about the path, think about the other paths you might be following in life and realize there’s nothing quite like this one. Even when you haven’t yet reached the end of the path, it’s still a good path to be on.
And the same holds true for recollection of the Dhamma. Think of all the good things the Dhamma has you develop inside. Of course, being on the path means that they’re not fully developed yet, but at least you’re headed in the right direction; your trajectory is headed to the right place. The Buddha talks about the
grief that comes from not having attained your goal on the path, but he said, Look, it’s a lot better than the grief that comes from not having sights or sounds or smells or tastes or tactile sensations that you like—he calls that “householder grief.” And where does that grief lead? It leads people to struggling and fighting and grabbing after things that are just going to slip through their fingers. Whereas the grief that comes from being on the path doesn’t cause strife and it leads in the right direction. Just that thought should inspire you to practice further on the path. The only problem is when the grief gets too heavy, the discouragement gets too heavy—that’s when you need to gladden the mind, by reflecting on all the good things you’ve done as part of the path.
And the path is asking you to do only good things, things you can be proud of, things that feel noble, honourable. You’re not being asked to compromise your ideals when you practice the Dhamma. In fact, you’re being asked to raise your ideals to a higher standard.

Source:

http://www.dhammatalks.org/Archive/Writings/CrossIndexed/Published/Meditations3/040902%20M3%20Gladdening%20the%20Mind.pdf

Posted by: Michael | 03/17/2010

Recollection of the Buddha

Iti pi so Bhagavā Arahaṃ Sammā-sambuddho
Vijjā-caraṅa sampanno Sugato Lokavidū Anuttaro
Purisa-damma-sārathi Satthā deva-manussānaṃ
Buddho Bhagavā ti
For the past few days I’ve taken up the practice of bowing 27 times to the Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha and the Tisarana while reciting the traditional verses extolling the qualities of each (a total of 108 prostrations). For whatever reason, I have been immensely attracted to the practice of bowing ever since I first encountered it at a Korean Seon temple here in my neighborhood. Perhaps it’s just an idea, but it seems to me that I am not only recollecting the virtues of the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha when I recite the verse but that I am adding another non-verbal dimension of obeisance and homage through prostrating myself. I also like to think that the bowing practice helps me cultivate humility although the jury’s still out on that one as well.
Below is an excellent exposition on the virtues of the Buddha. I hope to cover each of the Triple Gems in the next two days but we shall see how that works out.
The Buddha was an embodiment of all great virtues. In Him was the embodiment of the highest morality (Sila), deepest concentration (Samadhi) and penetrative wisdom (Panna)-qualities unsurpassed and unparalleled in human history. These great noble qualities were mentioned in the sacred texts dealing with the discourses of the Buddha.

Buddhists all over the world recite and contemplate on the nine sublime virtues as contained in the Pali formula, in their daily devotional exercises. Although the Buddha possesses various other noble qualities, here in this formula, only nine are depicted. It is not out of place to mention that in certain other schools of Buddhism, the followers have introduced diverse Buddhas by alluding to some of these great qualities of the Buddha. However whatever may be the manner used to introduce the Buddha, it is a fact that all those historical Buddhas who appeared in this world, from time to time, were imbued with the same virtues and the same enlightenment. There should, therefore, be no differentiation in paying respects to any particular Buddha, if the designated Buddha is a real Buddha. Consequently there should be no argument as to which Buddha is more powerful or superior to another Buddha.

The following verses, in Pali, relate to the nine intrinsic virtues of the Buddha which Buddhist devotees recite when they pay homage to the Buddha:-

“Itipi So Bhagava Araham Sammasambuddho Vijja-Carana-Sampanno Sugato Lokovidu Anuttaro Purisa Damma-Sarathi Sattha Deva-Manussanam Buddho Bhagavathi”.

The authenticity of this passage is unquestionable since it was derived from many important texts of the Tipitaka in the Buddhist canon as well as from amongst the forty methods of Samatha Bhavana – tranquil meditation on Buddhanussati, i.e. Meditation on the virtues of the Buddha.

A brief translation of the Pali passage is as follows:

“Such indeed is the great Araham – perfect and worthy of homage, Sammasambuddho – omniscient, Vijjacaranasampanno – endowed with clear vision and good conduct, Sugato – well done, well spoken, Lokovidu – wise in the knowledge of the world, Anuttaro Purisa-damma-sarathi – peerless trainer of the untameable ones,Sattha-Deva-Manussanam – Teacher of gods and men, Buddho – enlightened and showing the path to Enlightenment, Bhagavathi – Blessed.”

(1) Araham

The Buddha is depicted as an Arahant in five aspects, namely :

(a) He has discarded all defilements;
(b) He has suppressed all the enemies connected with the eradication of defilements;
(c) He destroyed the spokes of the wheel of existence
(d) He is worthy of being given offerings and paid homage;

He withheld no secrets in his character or in his teachings.

Buddha was the greatest figure in human life perfect, infallible, blameless and spotless.

At the foot of the Bodhi tree, He conquered all evil and attained the highest stage of sanctity. He put an end to all sufferings with His attainment of Nibbana. He was the World Honoured One so worthy of homage in all respects. His teaching contains no mysteries or secrets and is like an open book for all to come and see.

(2) Sammasambuddho

The Buddha was designated as Sammasambuddha because He comprehended the existence of the world in its proper perspective and He discovered the four Noble Truths through His own comprehension. Born a Prince, He renounced the world and strove for six long years seeking enlightenment. During this period, He approached all the renowned Teachers of the day and tried all the methods His Teachers could teach Him. Having achieved the attainment even equivalent to that of His teachers, He still could not find the elusive goal of enlightenment. Finally, basing His research on rational understanding and treading a middle path, thus departing from the traditional way of legendary religious beliefs and practices, He found the final solution to the universal problems of unsatisfactoriness, conflict and disappointments (Dukkha). He discovered the Law of Dependent Origination – the Law of Cause and Effect which He assessed as the reality of the world, thereby becoming the Supreme Enlightened One.

(3) Vijja-Carana Sampanno

This term ‘Vijja-Carana Sampanno’, meant that the Buddha was endowed with perfect clear vision and exemplary good conduct. It has two significant aspects as indicated in the threefold knowledge and eightfold wisdom. The threefold knowledge is listed as follows:-

(a) Firstly, the Buddha could recall His past births and trace back His previous existence as well as that of others.
(b) Secondly, apart from being able to recount the past, He had the unique foresight of being able to see into the future and visualized the whole universe at any single moment.
(c) Thirdly, He had that deep penetrating knowledge pertaining to Arahanthood.

On the eightfold wisdom, the Buddha was listed as having the unique gift of insight, the power of performing supernormal feats, a divine ear, the power of reading other’s thoughts, various physical powers, ability to recollect past births, a divine eye, and exquisite knowledge pertaining to a life of serene holiness.

With regard to the word “Carana” or good conduct, this aspect is divided into fifteen different categories or types of virtues which were fully imbued in the Buddha. These additional virtues are being classified as restraint in deed and word, restraint in the absorption of sense effects, moderation in the consumption of food, avoidance of excessive sleep, maintenance of crystal clear vision in faith, realization of shame in committing evil, realization of fear in committing evil, thirst for knowledge, energy, mindfulness and understanding – the four trends pertaining to the material sphere. Panna and Karuna are reflected as wisdom and compassion, both of which are the basic twin virtues of the Buddha. Panna endowed him with wisdom whilst Karuna bestowed him with compassion to be of service to mankind. He realized through his wisdom what is good and what is not good for all beings and through His compassion He led His followers away from evil and misery. The great virtues of the Buddha enabled Him to shower the highest degree of dispensation to brotherhood and sterling qualities to all beings.

(4) Sugato

The Buddha was also designated as Sugato which meant that His path is good, the destination is excellent and the words and methods used to show the path are harmless and blameless. The Buddha’s path to the attainment of bliss is correct and pure, uncurving, direct and certain.

His words are sublime and infallible. Many welknown historians and great scientists have commented that the only religious teaching which has remained unchallenged by science and free-thinkers is the Buddha-word.

(5) Lokavidu

The term Lokovidu is applied to the Buddha as the one with exquisite knowledge of the world. The Master had experienced, known and penetrated into all aspects of worldly life physical as well as spiritual. He was the first to make the observation that there were thousands of world systems in the universe. He was the first to declare that the world was nothing but conceptual. In His words, it is regarded pointless to speculate on the origin and the end of the world or universe. He was of the view that the origin of the world, its cessation and the path to the cessation thereof is to be found within the fathom long body-the human being with its perceptions and consciousness.

(6) Anuttaro Purisa-Damma-Sarathi

Anuttaro means matchless and unsurpassed. Purisadamma refers to individuals to whom the gift of the Dhamma is to be endowed whereas Sarathi means a leader. These three terms taken together imply an incomparable leader capable of bringing wayward men to the path of righteousness. Amongst those who were persuaded to follow the path of the Dhamma and to shun evil were notorious murderers like Angulimala, Alawaka and Nalagiri, hundreds of robbers, cannibals and recalcitrants such as Saccake. All of them were brought into the fold of the Dhamma, and some even attained sainthood within their life-time. Even Devadatta, the arch-enemy of the Buddha, was rehabilitated by the Buddha through His great compassion.

(7) Sattha Deva-Manussanam

The translation of this term is that the Buddha was a Teacher of devas and men. It is to be noted that ‘devas’ as used in this context refers to beings who, by their own good Karma, have evolved beyond the human stage which is not regarded as the final stage of biological evolution. Devas in the Buddhist context have no connection with ancient traditional theological myths. The Buddha was a remarkable Teacher who was flexible and capable of devising diverse techniques suited to the calibre and different mentalities of devas and human beings. He instructed everyone to lead a righteous way of life. The Buddha was indeed a universal Teacher.

(8) Buddho

This particular epithet, Buddho, would appear to be a repetition of the second in this category, although it has its own connotation. Buddho means that the Master, being omniscient, possessed extraordinary powers of being able to convince others of His great discovery through His exquisite art of teaching others His Dhamma. His techniques were unsurpassed by any other Teacher. The term Buddho has its secondary meaning translated as ‘Awakened’ since the ordinary state of man is perpetually in a state of stupor. The Buddha was the first to be ‘awakened’ and to shake off this state of stupor. Subsequently He convinced others to be awake and to steer clear from the state of lethargic samsaric sleep or stupor.

(9) Bhagava

Of all the terms used to describe the Buddha, the words ‘Buddho’ and ‘Bhagava’, used separately or together as ‘Buddho Bhagava’ meaning the ‘Blessed One’ are most popular and commonly used.

Deserving awe and veneration, Blessed is His name. Therefore, the word ‘Bhagava’ had various meanings as suggested by some commentators. The Buddha was termed ‘Bhagava’ or the ‘Blessed One’ because He was the happiest and most fortunate amongst mankind for having managed to conquer all evils, for expounding the highest Dhamma and for being endowed with supernormal and superhuman intellectual faculties.

These nine great qualities of the Buddha could serve as a subject for meditation if the various interpretations of each particular term are carefully scrutinized and their real intent and the essence grasped and absorbed. Mere utterance of the passage, without its full comprehension could not be considered effective even as a devotional tract. The best method would be to recite repeatedly and at the same time comprehend the full meaning of these utterances. Whilst so doing, one should also concentrate on these sterling qualities as true noble virtues to be emulated by all followers of the Buddha.

Source:

http://www.buddha.sg/htm/people/virtues.htm

Posted by: Michael | 03/15/2010

Metta Meditation – Dipa Ma

I’ve been feeling  the need to refocus on metta practice proper of late as I’ve been feeling swamped by aversion and ill-will. I’m posting these instructions which I copied from Dipa Ma’s biography and have used in the past. I’ll also include them in a separate page. May we all be well, happy and peaceful!

First Stage

The first stage is to love yourself, to be a best friend to yourself. You can use the following words and mental images to guide you in generating and directing your feelings of loving-kindness.

Let me be free of enemies.

Let me be free of dangers.

Let me be free of mental anxieties.

Let me pass my time with good body and healthy mind.

“Enemies” means both outward enemies and also being an enemy to yourself. Enemies can exist in the realm of our feelings, from the slightest irritation to the full force of hatred and ill will toward self or others.

While saying these phrases silently, hold an image of yourself steadily and clearly. If you can’t visualize try to remember how you look in the mirror. If this is difficult, try actually looking in a mirror or at a recent photo of yourself until you can see yourself clearly in your mind’s eye.

Repeat the phrases in order. If your mind wanders and you forget what phrase you’re on, start from the beginning, “Let me be free of enemies.” Bringing the mind back to the phrases again and again will deepen your concentration.

It is important to drop into the meaning and feeling beneath the words, letting the words be your guide, keeping you on track and anchored in the practice. Hold the feeling of well-being for yourself in your heart and mind, along with the mental image, and continue to repeat the phrases silently to yourself for as much time as your session permits.

When it is done deeply, when you feel that you truly love yourself, when you can hold the image of yourself clearly and steadily, then if you wish, you may go on to the next stage, which is to extend loving-kindness to a good friend.

Second Stage

Using the same phrases as before, direct the loving-kindness to a good friend or teacher who has been kind to you. As you did while sending loving-kindness to yourself, now hold the image of this friend clearly and steadily in your mind, and extend loving-kindness toward him or her.

May you be free of enemies.

May you be free of dangers.

May you be free of mental anxieties.

May you pass my time with good body and happy mind.

When you find that you love your friend as yourself, or when you find that you can hold the image of the friend clearly and steadily along with the phrases, then if you wish, you may go on to the next stage.

Third Stage

The next category of beings to send loving-kindness to are called “the sufferers”-any group of beings who are suffering. Whereas before you held a stable, one-pointed image of one person, now begin to expand your focus to encompass a larger number of beings. Begin by holding in mind one whole group of beings who are suffering. Extend your loving-kindness to these beings the same way you did before with yourself and your friend.

May you be free of enemies.

May you be free of dangers.

May you be free of mental anxieties.

May you pass my time with good body and happy mind.

If spontaneous images arise of other groups of suffering people, such as people in hospitals or in wars, then it’s fine to direct your loving-kindness to them, meditating in a dynamic way with the flow changing images. Continue reciting the phrases while gradually focusing more and more on the feelings of loving-kindness behind the words.

From the foundation of truly and deeply loving yourself, see how self-love is the foundation and the fuel for loving others.  In loving yourself, you love your friend as yourself. Then you love the sufferers like your friend, which is like yourself. With continued practices all groups will merge into one.

Fourth Stage

In the fourth stage, loving-kindness and equanimity blend together. The practice is to hold a vast sense of all living beings in one’s mind and to send metta to them all equally—friends, people who suffer, people for whom you are feeling neutral, those with whom you have difficulty, all beings everywhere.

May all beings be free of enemies.

May all beings be free of dangers.

May all beings be free of mental anxieties.

May all beings pass my time with good body and happy mind.

To do this, allow your mind to become loving-kindness. Do this by attending primarily to the feeling of loving-kindness: the words and phrases you’ve used up to this point have simply been pointers to the feeling. Allow your mind to become loving-kindness, and rest in that equanimity, not favoring where it goes.

Fifth Stage

The crowning stage of metta meditation is to combine all the stages and focus for a while  on each of the stages in one meditation session. Practiced in this way, the meditation becomes like a symphony of loving-kindness in which you start with yourself, and open, open, open, until you come to rest in equanimity.

Source:

http://www.amazon.com/Dipa-Ma-Legacy-Buddhist-Master/dp/0974240559

Posted by: Michael | 03/14/2010

Contentment Part II

Reading a compilation by Thanissaro Bhikkhu yesterday I came upon several an entire section dedicated to contentment. I don’t have the time to discuss them but have included some below:

“‘This Dhamma is for one who is content, not for one who is discontent.’ Thus was it said. With reference to what was it said? There is the case where a monk is content with any old robe cloth at all, any old almsfood, any old lodging, any old medicinal requisites for curing sickness at all. ‘This Dhamma is for one who is content, not for one who is discontent.’ Thus was it said. And with reference to this was it said.

AN 8.30

“And how is a monk content? Just as a bird, wherever it goes, flies with its wings as its only burden; so too is he content with a set of robes to provide for his body and alms food to provide for his hunger. Wherever he goes, he takes only his barest necessities along. This is how a monk is content.

DN 2

Source:

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/recognizing.html#contentment

Posted by: Michael | 03/12/2010

Contentment

“Monks, Kassapa here is content with any old robe. He praises contentment with any robe, nor does he commit any offense of unseemliness or impropriety on account of a robe. If he has not got a robe, he does not worry; if he has got a robe he enjoys the use of it without clinging or foolish attachment, not committing any offense, aware of the danger and wisely avoiding it. Kassapa is content with whatever alms he gets… whatever lodging… whatever requisites in the way of medicines for sickness… he enjoys the use of these things without clinging or foolish attachment, not committing any offense, aware of the danger and wisely avoiding it.

“Therefore, monks, you should train yourselves thus: We will be content with whatever robe,… alms… lodging… medicines… we may get… We will enjoy the use of these things without clinging or foolish attachment, not committing any offense, aware of the danger and wisely avoiding it.

“Monks, I will exhort you by the example of Kassapa, or one like Kassapa. So exhorted, you should practice to gain the goal.”

Although this sutta takes up contentment with requisites of the monks’ life as its subject I think it’s safe to assume that the Lord Buddha’s advice applies equally to those of us living the lay life. Contentment, is listed immediately before gratitude in many of the translations of the Mangala sutta that I have seen and for good reason. It’s awfully hard to imagine being grateful for anything when one is constantly finding fault. I’ll end today’s short post with a short poem by Bhuta Thera which may inspire us to cultivate contentment in the generally less extreme circumstances of our daily lives:

When the thundering storm cloud roars out in the mist, And torrents of rain fill the paths of the birds, Nestled in a mountain cave, the monk meditates. — No greater contentment than this can be found. When along the rivers the tumbling flowers bloom In winding wreaths adorned with verdant color, Seated on the bank, glad-minded, he meditates. — No greater contentment than this can be found. When in the depths of night, in a lonely forest, The rain-deva drizzles and the fanged beasts cry, Nestled in a mountain cave, the monk meditates. — No greater contentment than this can be found. When restraining himself and his discursive thoughts, (Dwelling in a hollow in the mountains’ midst), Devoid of fear and barrenness, he meditates. — No greater contentment than this can be found. When he is happy — expunged of stain, waste and grief, Unobstructed, unencumbered, unassailed — Having ended all defilements, he meditates. — No greater contentment than this can be found.

Sources:

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn16/sn16.001.wlsh.html

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/thag/thag.09.00x.olen.html

Posted by: Michael | 03/12/2010

Gratefulness

For some reason, I have become fixated on the idea of gratitude in the last few days as a practice and attitude in daily life. Searching the internet I haven’t found much although (as I’ve mentioned before) gratitude is taken as the theme and figures prominently in the Mangala Sutta. One site that is of interest is this one: http://www.gratefulness.org/index.htm

I’m not too clear on what it is yet as I haven’t had a chance to peruse it but there does seem to be a section which includes links on different practices to cultivate gratitude. Anyway, I spent this afternoon’s formal meditation session reflecting on my gratitude for five people in my life and found that, towards  the end, my heart/mind was considerably brighter despite the fact that my attention was pulled back to a sense of doubt and anxiety every time I let my awareness slip off of the object. Although I am unsure of how to articulate this, I do remember Ajahn Mun exhorting his students to always bring one’s awareness back within rather than allowing one’s awareness and attention to flow out and become scattered or lost in papanca.  This is especially difficult when working with the brahma viharas and similar practices because so much of the practice relies on external subjects but I definitely feel it’s a good thing to remember as we practice so as not to lose ourselves in a maze of thoughts about the people we are practicing with/for. May this rambling be of benefit! Be well.

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